Who is driving your chariot? The traditional view of the relationship between the senses, mind and intellect

For a long time, I’ve been wondering: Where do emotions belong in the Panchamaya model? An argument can be made that emotions show up on every level of our systems.

You can experience an emotion as a physical sensation, like a knot in the stomach, a tight jaw, or a sense of fullness in the chest (Annamaya kosha). You can also experience emotion as a physiological response, like sweaty palms, rapid heartbeat, or hyperventilation (Pranamaya kosha). You can certainly experience an emotion in your mind as a sudden burst of agitation or elation (Manomaya kosha). The emotions you often experience do define your personality (Vijnanamaya kosha), and they certainly contribute to your sense of wholeness and connection (Anandamaya kosha).

All those experiences certainly reflect an emotional state. The question is – does the emotion cause those sensations or do those sensations give rise to emotions? What comes first – the chicken or the egg? In other words – where do emotions come from? This is an interesting question in itself, but, you will ask me, what does this have to do with yoga? Well, for one thing, if we know where the emotions come from, we will know where to put them within the Panchamaya model, which will give us better ideas about which tools to use to work with them. But ultimately, it goes much deeper – if we know where our emotions come from, we could have much more control over our emotional responses. It doesn’t mean that we would want or need to avoid experiencing emotions altogether – that’s not the goal. The question here is – who is in charge? You or your emotions? Do you have any say in your emotional states, or are you just getting dragged by the emotional wave?

Traditional yogic texts do not talk specifically about emotions but rather about fluctuations of the mind that arise in response to sensory objects. A traditional image from the Katha Upanishad depicts the body as a chariot.

In this material world, the human body (the chariot) is pulled around by the five senses (the horses), reacting to what we see, hear, taste, smell, and touch. The mind (reins) is impulsive by nature and is easily distracted by the likes, dislikes, and emotional responses to sense objects. It gets pulled in conflicting directions unless the charioteer (higher intellect) takes the reins and takes charge. The passenger is the Self, the center of consciousness, which is always the neutral witness.

This image is significant on many levels. It poses important questions like:

• Who is driving your chariot?
• How aligned are your senses, your mind, your higher intellect and your inner Self?
• Where are you going and who gets to decide?

This image of the body as a chariot also illustrates a deep connection between the senses, the mind, and the intellect that is important for understanding the nature of emotions. 

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The Katha Upanishad further states that only when the five senses stand still, and Intellect is firmly in charge of the reins of the mind can we enter the highest state of Yoga.

Would you like to experience the state of Yoga? Do you want to take charge of the reins of your mind, become more internally aligned, and direct your chariot/body toward your goals?

Would you like to experience the state of Yoga? Do you want to take charge of the reins of your mind, become more internally aligned, and direct your chariot/body toward your goals?

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